航天系统雷电防护技术发展综述及展望

Review and Prospect of Lightning Protection Technology for an Astronautic System

为满足航天系统的全天候发射任务需求,加强航天系统对于雷电环境的适应性,对航天系统雷电防护技术的发展情况进行了综述。首先分析雷电环境对于航天系统产生的破坏效应,追踪了世界航天史上典型的雷击案例,系统梳理了国内外航天系统雷电防护标准规范。针对运载火箭雷电效应数值仿真技术、雷电防护设计技术和试验验证技术,雷电气象监测预警技术,地面雷电防护技术和接地技术等关键技术的发展情况进行了追踪。在此基础上,从我国航天工程雷电防护的实际需求出发,对未来我国航天系统雷电防护技术重点研究方向进行了展望。

For satisfying the requirement on all-timing launching in a mission and enhancing the adaptability of an astronautic system in a lightning environment,the development of the lightning protection technology for astronautic systems is reviewed in this paper. At first,the destructive lightning effects are introduced and some typical lightning accidents in the astronautic history are summarized. Some standards documents on lightning protection are reviewed. Then a general review on the development of the lightning protection technology for an astronautic system is proposed,which involves the numerical simulation technology on lightning effect,some designation methods and testing methods on lightning protection for launch vehicles,the lightning weather prediction detection technology,lightning rod systems and some artificial lightning protection methods for grounding systems. In the end,according to the lightning protection requirements of the domestic astronautic engineering,future development advices are provided,and main research ponits are emphasized.