基于GIS技术的流域生态补偿方案设计

Design of Ecological Compensation Scheme for River Basin based on Remote Sensing Data

明晰补偿标准和新增生态系统服务之间的关系是生态补偿研究中的关键问题之一。以渭河干流甘肃段为研究区域,以增加区域土壤保持能力为生态补偿具体目标,以区域内25°以上坡耕地为补偿对象,基于遥感和社会经济调查数据,运用最小数据方法对研究区生态补偿标准进行模拟,进一步结合基于GIS平台的InVEST模型模拟结果,分析退耕后种植不同树种增加的生态系统服务潜力,选择退耕后种植的最佳林种,为流域生态补偿项目提供补偿方案。基于遥感数据,通过测算分析渭河干流甘肃段生态补偿方案是:对研究区(渭源县、陇西县、武山县、甘谷县和麦积区)25°以上坡耕地全部退耕时,每个县/区可以选种最佳林种,最大限度地增加土壤保持量。其中,渭源县和陇西县可以选择常绿针叶林,每年新增土壤保持量分别为144.00万t/hm^2和63.04万t/hm^2,补偿资金分别为506.67万元和686.70万元,8年可新增土壤保持量分别为1 152.00万t/hm^2和504.32万t/hm^2。

A key problem is clarifying the relationship between compensation standard and the supply of additional ecosystem services in the study of ecological compensation.Focusing on the Gansu section of the Weihe River Basin,the specific target of ecological compensation is going to increase the soil conservation capacity.We will compensate people who have marginal farmland when the slope is more than 25°.Based on social and economic survey data and remote sensing data,we used minimum-data approaches to simulate ecological compensation standards,then used InVEST model to simulate the results,analyze the potential of increased ecosystem service,and choose the best forest species after turn marginal farmland into forests.In the end,analyze additional ecosystem services in different compensation standards.The solution is that each county/district can select the best forest when turn marginal farmland of the slope is more than 25°,which can maximum add soil conservation quantity.Weiyuan County and Longxi County can plant evergreen coniferous forest,that newly add soil conservation quantity are 144×10^4 t and 63.04×10^4 t per hectare each year,the amount of compensation is 506.67×10^4 CNY and 686.7×10^4 CNY each year.The added soil conservation quantity is 1 152.00 tand 504.32 tin eight years.