英国“高考”科目自选的制度设计、现实难点与警戒意义

A Study on System Design, Challenges and Implications of Subjects Choice in the GCE-A Level Examination in UK

近年来高考科目自选在试点推进过程中出现与设计初衷有所偏差的现实风险。英国"高考"建立了一套多科供给、专业限定、机构指导、精细服务和动态调整的多维协同的科目自选支持体系。科目自选的现实难点在于厘清考生选科的判断依据、明确选科的主体责任、防控选科的博弈风险、提升选科的甄选功能。剖析英国"高考"科目自选"如何选科、谁来影响、以何获胜、怎么甄别"的制度设计,未来应激发高校"科目选择"指引与限定的主动权;实现学校、家庭、社会多位联动开展生涯发展规划辅导;防范和制止中学为追求高分"操纵"学生选科;增设多元录取方式淡化不同科目的等值比较。

There is a realistic risk in the subject choice of college entrance examination（gaokao） in China. The British GCE-A level examination has established a set of multidimensional subject choice support system which contains multi-discipline supply, professional restriction, institutional guidance, comprehensive services, and dynamic adjustment. The Challenges of subject choice are to clarify the reasons for candidates＇ choice, to clarify the main responsibility of the subject selection, to control the game risk of the subject selection, and to improve the selection function of the subject choice. The purpose of analyzing the system design of ＂how to choose the subject, who will choose the subject, how to win and how to discriminate＂ in the GCE-A level is to learn UK＇s experience. We should inspire the universities to give more ＂subject choice＂ guidance, unite social forces to help students make their judgments about their career development, prevent the secondary schools from pursuing high marks in ＂manipulating＂ student selection, and add multiple admission methods to improve inter-subject comparability.