核心素养的本质与培育:基于职业教育的视角

Essence and Cultivation of Core Literacies:Based on the Perspective from Vocational Education

核心素养源自国际组织关于21世纪全球化浪潮和知识经济对人力资本要求的政策研究,本属职业教育范畴概念。核心素养概念在本土化演进过程中形成中国范式与政策指向,结构上由必备品格和关键能力组成,政策指向教育本质属性的回归。职业教育视角下的核心素养本质具有层次性,在育人目标层面指向由培养"合格的职业人"向培养"全面发展的人"的转变,在教育理念层面指向由"制器"理念向"育人"理念的转变。职业教育培育核心素养具有先天优势,需要在两个维度上着力:一是通过进一步优化能力本位课程体系而构建素养本位课程体系;二是构建包括能力教育和品格教育的素养教育框架,在能力教育的基础上强化品格教育的功能。

Core literacies roots in the policy researches which international economic organizations reply the requirements of the 21 st century globalization and the knowledge economy to human capital, it belongs to the vocational education concepture. The concept of core literacies formed Chinese paradigm and policy direction in the process of localization evolution, it is composed of essential character and key competencies, and the policy points to the return of the essential properties of education. The essence of core literacies is hierarchical from vocational education perspective, it points to the transformation from training＂qualified professional person＂to＂comprehensive development person＂at the level of education goal, it points to the transformation from the idea of＂making machine＂to that of＂educating people＂at the level of educational idea. Vocational education has unique advantages in cultivating core literacies and it needs to be focused on two dimensions： constructing the literacy-based curriculum system by further optimizing the competence-based curriculum system; constructing the literacy education framework including competence education and character education, and strengthen the role of character education on the basis of competence education at the same time.