黑木耳黑威15菌丝生长最佳环境参数研究

Optimum Environmental Parameters of the Growth of Auricularia auricula HW15

利用设施食用菌栽培技术,开展黑木耳(Auricularia auricula)黑威15 (HW15)二级菌种养菌试验,以菌丝最大密度为目标,设计二次回归正交试验,研究培养料物理特性(含水率、密度)和过氧化钙添加量及其交互作用对菌丝长势影响,探明培养料含水率、培养料密度、过氧化钙添加量三因素耦合关系,完成基于二次回归正交设计的木耳养菌阶段菌丝微环境模型实例化构建并得出其最佳因素组合:培养料含水率65.75%,过氧化钙添加量0.95%,培养料密度719 kg·m^(-3)。发现了此阶段菌丝生长规律,确定了上述三因素对菌丝密度(长度)影响程度顺序为:过氧化钙添加量最大,培养料含水率次之,培养料密度最小;前两因素影响程度几乎相同,其中1个因素置为零水平,另一因素对菌丝密度影响剧烈,影响曲线先升后降。本试验表明含水率65.75%时,能将0.95%过氧化钙全部分解,此时氧气浓度最大,菌丝长势最佳,过氧化钙添加量和培养料含水率应作为重要因素控制,尤其培养料含水率应严格控制在64%~66%范围内,过氧化钙添加量不可超过1.2%;培养料含水率在67.5%附近,培养料密度对菌丝密度有显著影响,超过730 kg·m^(-3)时,菌丝密度急剧下降,适宜的培养料密度应在710 kg·m^(-3)~730 kg·m^(-3)。

The cultivation experiment was conducted on edible fungi HW15 2nd species of A uricularia auricula by using protective cultivation technology. The aim of this study was to improve the biggest density of mycelium, and quadratic regression orthogonal combination test was designed to study the effects of water content of culture material, density of culture material, calcium peroxide content and their interaction on mycelium growth vigor （length）. Coupling relationship among the three factors above was proven, and the instantiation construction of the best environment model of mycelium growth stage was completed based on quadratic regression orthogonal combination design, which obtained best combination of factors （water content of cul- ture material 65.75%, calcium peroxide content 0.95%, density of culture material 719 kg＇m-3）. According to this theory, the growth law and precision agronomy of HW15 2nd species were obtained. The order of three factors＇ influence on density of mycelium was as follow： calcium peroxide content, water content, density of culture material. Influence degree of first two factors tended to be the same, one factor was set at zero level, the other factor had a strong effect on the mycelium density, and the influence curve rose first and then decreased. The results showed that the calcium peroxide content of 0.95% could be completelydecomposed with water content of culture material of 65.75% in which oxygen concentration was the highest, and mycelium growth vigor was the best, so the content of calcium peroxide and water should be controlled as important factors, especially the water content of culture material should be strictly controlled within the range of 64%~66%, and the content of calcium peroxide should not be more than 1.2%. When the water content of culture material is about 67.5%, the density of the culture material has significant influence on the growth of the mycelium, especially over 730 kg＂ m-3, the density of mycelium decreased sharply, therefore it can be proved that density of culture material should be strictly controlled in the most suitable range from 710 kg＂ m-3 to 730 kg＂ m-3.