基于卫星遥感及SPAMS的石家庄市2017年秋冬季首次污染过程研究

Study on the first pollution process in autumn-winter of 2017 in Shijiazhuang City based on satellite remote sensing and SPAMS

2017年10月26日—28日,石家庄市出现了2017年冬防期以来的第一次重污染天气。为了进一步弄清此次污染过程的主要污染来源,以石家庄市空气质量自动监测站实况数据资料为基础,从气象条件影响、组分特征、时空变化、区域污染分布演变等方面进行了详细剖析。结果表明,在此次污染过程期间,地面持续处于低压幅合,相对湿度达80%以上,地面为偏南风,区域传输明显,致使26日开始污染物迅速累积。期间PM2.5和PM10在每日晚高峰时段出现明显上升,可能与本地机动车尾气排放与人们下班后活动增加有关;同时,根据对污染过程期间主要污染物PM2.5的组分分析,得出PM2.5的主要组分来源为机动车尾气,贡献率达到了35.3%,说明了机动车尾气排放为本地主要污染排放源。综合以上结果可知,石家庄市自然区位和气象条件先天不利,大气环境容量脆弱,只有采取力度更大的管控和减排措施,尽最大努力降低本地基准污染量和浓度,才能达到污染削峰的目的。

On October 26—28,2017,there appeared the first heavy pollution in Shijiazhuang City in the winter prevention period of2017. In order to further understand the main source of pollution in this process,based on the actual data from Shijiazhuang air quality automatic monitoring station,it was analyzed in detail from the aspects of the meteorological conditions,component characteristics,changes of time and space,and regional pollution characteristics. The results show that during the process of pollution,the ground wasin low-pressure convergence,with relative humidity above 80%. There was southerly wind,and regional transmission is obvious,making pollutants rapidly accumulated on Oct. 26. During the period,PM2.5 and PM10 show a significant increase in the daily evening rush hour,which might be related to the increase of local motor vehicle emissions and the increase of people＇s activities after work. At the same time,according to the component analysis of main pollutant PM2.5,it is concluded that the major component source of PM2.5 is motor vehicle exhaust,which contributes 35.3%,showing it is the main pollution source. The above results show that greater efforts need to be made to control and reduce emissions in Shijiazhuang because of its congenitally unfavorable natural location and meteorological conditions and fragile atmospheric environmental capacity,and to reduce local benchmark pollution and concentration to achieve the purpose of clipping pollution.