上海某社区老年人记忆功能障碍及危险因素分析

Analysis of memory dysfunction and risk factors in the elderly people in a community in Shanghai

目的:了解辖区内老年人记忆功能障碍患病情况及其危险因素,为制定服务决策和干预措施提供参考依据。方法:选取2017年1月至6月在上海曲阳路街道社区卫生服务中心就诊的60岁以上老年人5 687人,其中男性2 337人,平均年龄(76.9±7.61)岁,女性3 350人,平均年龄(76.4±7.58)岁。使用记忆功能障碍自评表(AD8)筛查老年人的记忆功能障碍。结果:5 687例老年人中,记忆功能障碍阳性1 561人,阳性率为27.4%;阳性率与年龄增长呈正相关,与受教育程度呈负相关,与婚姻情况和痴呆家族史也相关,P均<0.001。慢性病患者的阳性率从高到低分别为脑卒中49.5%,高血压合并糖尿病33.5%,糖尿病31.1%,高血压27.3%。结论 :老年人群存在不同程度的认知功能减退,提示在社区日常健康管理中应早期开展评估工作,在做好慢性病患者管理的同时,重点关注高龄、独居及低文化程度的老年人,以降低发生痴呆与认知功能障碍的风险。

Objective： To understand the prevalence and risk factors of memory dysfunction in the elderly people in the jurisdiction to provide reference for development of service decisions and interventions. Methods： From January to June 2017, 5 687 elderly people aged 60 and over in Quyanglu Community Health Service Center in Shanghai were selected, of whom 2 337 were male, with the average age（76.9±7.61） years, and 3 350 female, with the average age（76.4±7.58） years. The memory dysfunction self-rating scale（AD8） was used to screen memory dysfunction in the elderly people. Results： Among 5 687 elderly people, 1 561 had positive memory dysfunction, and the positive rate was 27.4%; positive rate was positively correlated with age growth, negatively correlated with education level, and correlated with marital status and family history of dementia, P〈0.001. The positive rates of patients with chronic diseases from high to low were 49.5% for stroke, 33.5% for hypertension complicated with diabetes, 31.1% for diabetes, and 27.3% for hypertension. Conclusion： There are varying degrees of cognitive decline in the elderly population, which suggests that early assessment should be carried out in the community daily health management, while doing well in the management of patients with chronic diseases, the focus should be on the elderly people who are the senior age, live alone and have low education to reduce the risk of dementia and cognitive impairment.