保罗·利科语言哲学的索绪尔渊源

A Study on Paul Ricoeur’s Philosophy of Language Based on His Introspection of Saussure’s Structuralism

利科抓住索绪尔结构主义语言观对语言和言语的区分，创造性地提出有“世界”与“人”存在的话语理论：与索绪尔从类比出发论证语言的创造不同，利科强调句子与语境，并从语词多义性出发提出话语及其在隐喻中的创造性，其智慧在于尝试用语义学超越符号学；索绪尔认为文字地位在语音之下，而利科从文字与书写中看到意义的解放。发掘出新的理解和实在。争鸣与创新的背后，是利科对于解释学传统和结构主义思潮的调和，是科学主义与人本主义精神的对话与碰撞。

This paper analyzes Paul Ricoeur＇s philosophy of language based on his criticism and introspection of Saussure＇s Structuralist view. According to the Saussure＇s differentiation of langue and parole, Ricoeur creatively proposes his discourse theory which focuses the being of world and human being. Different from the perspective of analogy raised by Saussure, Ricoeur emphasizes on the creativity of metaphor based on the dimensions of context of words and sentences. While Sanssure believes that character is inferior to voice and speech, Ricoeur regards the former as a source of new meaning and understanding. These, in the last analysis, are the dialogue and confrontation between the values of scientism and humanism.