言语行为中取效行为和取效效果的认知研究

A Cognitive Analysis of Perlocutionary Acts and Perlocutionary Effects in Speech Acts

取效行为因其不确定性而成为言语行为理论的薄弱之环。本文继承取效效果的概念，从认知语言学的视角对其定义进行重新梳理，在此基础上利用Talmy的力动态模型对言语行为中的取效行为进行图式性描述和分类．并选取《红楼梦》中的案例进行运用分析和证明，得出的结论如下：（1）取效效果是听者的认知过程，它包括说者发出话语行为、听者接收后通过语言理解机制进行理解并作出相应反应。取效效果决定取效行为，而取效行为可以作为取效效果分析的依据；（2）取效行为有4种分类。本文从理论上弥补言语行为理论的不足，在实践中证明认知语言学的阐释力度，为力动态模型与言语行为理论的结合做出实践上的尝试。

The uncertainty of perlocutionary acts renders it a weak link in speech act studies, hence the inadequate development of Speech Act Theory. This study inherits the notion of perlocutionary effects and revisits it from the perspective of Cognitive Lin- guistics, on the basis of which the perlocutionary acts are depicted and classified with the force-dynamic model put forward by Talmy. A case study is then carried out with some quotations from A Dream of Red Mansion to verify the conclusions drawn in the article. The study concludes that （ 1 ） perlocutionary effects reveal the listener＇s cognitive process. They consist of receiving speaker＇s utterance act, understanding the propositional and illocutionary act through various cognitive mechanisms, and making corresponding responses. Perlocutionary effects decide perlocutionary acts ; in return, the analysis of perlocutionary effects can be built on perlocutionary acts ; （2） there are four kinds of perlocutionary acts. Theoretically, this paper fills the gap of Speech Act Theory. Practically, it verifies the explanatory power of Cognitive Linguistics and takes the initiative to combine the force-dynamic patterns and Speech Act Theory.