甲状腺细针穿刺活检及其联合免疫组织化学研究进展

Research progress of thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsy combined with immunochemistry

近些年来甲状腺结节呈高发趋势,其性质不同,临床处理方法也有差别,结节的良恶性鉴别为诊断要点。甲状腺细针穿刺活检(FNAB)因其操作简单、创伤小、患者不适感低、费用少而获得广泛的应用,是一种敏感性和特异性均较高的方法,但其也有一定的局限性,随着精准医学的发展,分子标志物的研究日趋成熟,甲状腺结节细针穿刺活检联合分子标志物检测的应用很大水平上弥补了FNAB的局限及不足,其联合相关分子标志物免疫组化检测也在不断发展应用,为甲状腺结节诊断评估提供了更加有意义的指导。

In recent years, there is a increasing trend in the incidence of thyroid nodules. The clinical treatment methods of the disease are different as the nature of thyroid nodules is different. Diagnosis of benign and malignant nodules is the key to diagnosis. Thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsy（FNAB） is widely used due to its simple operation,minimal trauma, low patient discomfort, and low cost. It is a method with high sensitivity and specificity, but it also has limitations. With the development of precision medicine, the study of molecular markers is maturing, and the application of thyroid FNAB combined with molecular markers has largely compensated for the limitations and deficiencies of FNAB. Its associated molecular markers for immunohistochemistry have also been developed and applied, and provide more meaningful guidance for diagnostic assessments.