浦东新区六灶社区慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者自我护理行为现状调查

Investigation and analysis of self-care behavior of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Liuzao Community of Pudong New Area of Shanghai

目的探讨上海浦东新区六灶社区慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者自我护理行为现状及影响因素,为制订上海浦东农村社区干预措施提供理论依据。方法采用一般资料调查表和COPD患者自我护理行为量表,于2018年1~2月在上海市浦东新区六灶社区卫生服务中心公卫科建档的252例COPD患者进行问卷调查,数据通过SPSS19.0软件进行t检验和方差分析,获取COPD患者自我护理能力的影响因素。结果浦东农村社区252例COPD患者的自我护理行为总均分为(83.02±12.61)分,满足一般性自理需求维度条目均分为(40.97±6.45)分、满足健康偏离性自理需求维度条目均分为(42.05±7.59)分;其中,低水平82例(得分≤74分),占32.54%;中等水平169例(得分75~111分),占67.16%;高水平1例(得分112~148分),占0.40%。经单因素分析结果显示,性别、年龄、文化程度是社区COPD患者自我护理行为的主要影响因素(P<0.05)。结论上海浦东新区六灶社区COPD患者自我护理行为处于中等水平,社区医务人员应该结合本社区COPD患者的特点制订合理的干预方案,以提高患者的生活质量。

Objective To explore the status and influencing factors of self-care behavior in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD） in Liuzao Community, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, and provide theoretical basis for the formulation of intervention measures for rural communities in Pudong, Shanghai. Methods By using general data questionnaire and self-care behavior scale for COPD patients, questionnaire survey was conducted among 252 patients with COPD registered in the Public Health Department, Liuzao Community Health Service Center of Pudong New Area, Shanghai from January to February 2018. Data was analyzed by SPSS19.0 software for＂t＂test and analysis of variance, in order to obtain factors influencing the ability of self-care in patients with COPD. Results Total mean score of self-care behavior, general self-care needs dimension, and health deviation self-care needs dimension were（83.02 ± 12.61）,（40.97 ± 6.45）,（42.05 ± 7.59）, respectively. Among the 252 patients, there were 82 patients（scores≤74） of low level（accounting for 32.54%）, 169 patients（scores 75～111） of middle level（accounting for 67.16%）, and only one patient（scores 112～148） of high level（accounting for 0.40%）. The results of univariate analysis showed that sex, age and education were the main influencing factors of self-care behavior of COPD patients in community（P〈0.05）. Conclusion Self-care behavior of patients with COPD in Liuzao Community, Pudong New Area, Shanghai is at a medium level. The community medical staff should develop a reasonable intervention program based on the characteristics of patients with COPD in this community in order to improve their quality of life.