略论秦汉时期的铍

On the Pi-spear in the Qin and Han Dynasties

铍是流行于东周时期、西汉以后较少见的一种长兵器。以往研究大都集中在铜铍的早期形态上。本文围绕秦汉时期所见铜铍、铁铍的不同类型及装柄方式等,着重分析随葬品的数量及摆放位置,认为出土铍的墓葬多数为高等级墓葬,在前室与其他长兵器共出的现象,是用来展示墓主人生前的生活场景,而与车马、骑士俑随葬的,则与持戟、持铍的大型出行仪仗有关。铜铍在西汉时期由盛而衰,铁铍流行起来,西汉之后又逐渐被有銎的长矛兵器取代。

Pi-spear is a kind of pole weapon popular in the Eastern Zhou Period but seldom seen after the Western Hart Dynasty. In the past, the researches on this weapon were mostly concentrated in the early types of the bronze pi-spear. Surrounding the different types and shaft-fitting methods of the bronze and iron pi-spears of the Qin and Han Dynasties, this paper paid attention to the amounts and locations of the pi-spears as grave goods in burials, and pointed out that the burials yielding pi-spears were mostly high- ranking ones; the pi-spears and other pole weapons appearing in the antechamber of the burials were used for displaying the living scenes of the occupants of the burials when they were alive; the ones associated with the chariots and horses or the cavalry figurines were the ceremonial weapons in the processions of the honor guards holding theft-halberds, pi-spears, etc. The bronze pi-spears declined in the Western Han Dynasty and were replaced by iron pi-spears, which were also replaced gradually by the socketed pole weapons such as spears after the Western Han Dynasty.