陶觥读释

The Reading and Interpretation of the Tao Gong-wine Vessel

本文对新近公布的陶觥铭文进行了讨论,指出作器者"陶"或即后来继位为燕侯的召公奭子廖;"上祖癸"应指周文王,"癸"为其日名,因文王在周人祖先系统中占有重要地位,故加"上"字。末句当释读作"唯王廿嗣(祀)",系帝辛二十年即公元前1056年,周文王姬昌即卒于此年,陶觥当作于文王去世后不久。进而对带"或"字徽记的有关金文材料进行了分析和讨论,指出带"或"字作为族氏徽记者,作器者应为召公奭及其后裔,"或"这一族氏,系姬周之分支,至少在商末帝辛(纣)之时即已存在,其得名至迟始于召公时。

This paper discussed the newly published inscription of the Tao Gong-wine vessel, and pointed out that Tao, the maker of this vessel, might be Liao, who was the son of Shi, the Duke of Shao, and succeeded the title of Marquis of Yan; the ＂Shang Zu Gui＂ would refer to King Wen of Zhou, the ＂gui＂ was the name of the day of his date of birth; because King Wen has important position in the ancestral system of the Zhou Dynasty, he was given the ＂Shang （upper）＂ in the posthumous name. The last sentence of the inscription would be read as ＂just the twentieth regnal year＂, which was the twentieth year of King Di Xin of the Shang Dynasty （1056 BC）, the year of the death of King Wen, and the Tao Gong-wine vessel would be made soon after this. Moreover, this paper analyzed and discussed the bronze inscription materials with the ＂Yu 或 ＂emblem, and pointed out that the bronzes bearing inscriptions with the ＂或 ＂clan emblem would be made by Shi, the Duke of Shao, and/or his descendants; the ＂ 或 ＂ clan would be a branch of the Ji Family, the royal family of the Zhou Dynasty; it has existed at the latest in the reign of King Di Xin, the last king of the Shang Dynasty, and was named at the latest at the time when Duke of Shao was on his position.