我国干细胞治疗糖尿病的基础与临床研究

Basic and clinical study of stem cell treatment for diabetes mellitus in China

胰岛β细胞功能衰竭和胰岛素抵抗是导致糖尿病发生发展的主要机制,目前的抗糖尿病药物没有针对糖尿病发病的关键环节,只能解除或缓解症状,延缓疾病进展,不能从根本上治愈该疾病.干细胞通过促进胰岛β细胞原位再生,提高胰岛β细胞自噬能力、调节胰岛巨噬细胞功能修复受损的胰岛β细胞以改善胰岛β细胞功能;通过多种途径活化骨骼肌、脂肪和肝脏IRS(1)-AKT-GLUT4信号通路改善外周组织胰岛素抵抗,为糖尿病的精准治疗提供了新的方向.我国研究者针对不同来源的干细胞使用不同输注方式治疗1型糖尿病和2型糖尿病开展了系列研究,取得了良好的临床疗效,且未发生严重不良反应,为干细胞治疗糖尿病的临床应用奠定了基础.

Pancreatic islet beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance are the main mechanisms underlying the development of diabetes mellitus.The current anti-diabetic treatments only alleviate symptoms and may delay the progression of the disease, but cannot cure the disease. Stem cells improve the function of islet beta cells by promoting in situ regeneration and repair mechanisms that improve autophagy of islet beta cells and modulate macrophage function. They also ameliorate the insulin resistance in peripheral tissues by activating the IRS-1-AKT-GLUT4 signaling pathway in skeletal muscle, fat, and liver. Stem cell therapy has provided a new direction for the precise treatment of diabetes. Researchers in China have carried out a series of experiments on different sources of stem cell therapy for diabetes mellitus using different infusion methods, and they have achieved good clinical effects without serious adverse reactions. These results have provided a basis for the clinical application of stem cells in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.