企业内部工资不平衡增长的动态考察

Dynamic Investigation on the Unbalanced Growth of Wages in Enterprises

本文将企业职工工资增长作为研究对象，将企业职工划分为高管和普通职工两类群体分别进行考察，并对国有企业和非国有企业职工工资展开进一步讨论。研究发现，高管人均工资和普通职工人均工资呈逐年上升趋势，但两者的工资增长却存在明显的不平衡性。进一步研究企业内部工资不平衡增长影响因素后发现，地区生产总值增长率、人力资本以及全要素生产率等对职工工资增长具有正向的促进作用，对高管职工工资的影响尤为显著，而企业利润增长率仅对高管薪酬的增长作用显著，对普通职工工资增长却有显著的负向影响，说明企业利润分配失衡，未能实现对普通职工的正向激励。在企业职工工资增长对企业利润约束既定的条件下，优化企业利润分配，激发两类职工活力，进而推动企业发展尚有很大空间。

This paper takes the wage increase of enterprise employees as the research object, divides the employees of the enterprise into the two groups of senior management and ordinary employ- ees, and further discusses the wages of the employ- ees of state - owned enterprises and non - state -owned enterprises. The study finds that the per ca- pita wages of senior management and the per capita wages of ordinary employees showed an upward trend year by year, however, there is a significant imbalance in wage growth between them. After fur- ther studying the factors affecting the growth of wage imbalance within the enterprise, it is found that the growth rate of regional GDP, human capital and total factor productivity have a positive effect on the wage growth of employees, especially for the wages of senior management employees. The growth rate of profit only has a significant effect on the growth of executive compensation, and has a signifi- cant negative impact on the wage growth of ordinary employees, indicating that the profit distribution of enterprises is unbalanced and fails to achieve posi- tive incentives for ordinary employees. Under the condition that the wage increase of enterprise employees is determined by the enterprise＇ s profit constraints, optimizing the profit distribution of enterprises, stimulating the vitality of two types of employees, and then promoting the development of enterprises still have a lot of space.