学校性教育政策的国际间比较

Comparison of international policies on school-based sexuality education

目的全面了解世界各国对学校性教育的相关政策规定,为推动我国学校性教育的政策发展提供参考。方法通过图书馆文献回顾和计算机互联网以及联合国人口基金等国际机构和个人的支持,收集美国、加拿大、英国、芬兰、澳大利亚、新西兰、泰国、菲律宾、肯尼亚7个国家关于学校性教育/健康教育的政策、法规、课程标准共35份。通过文献研究法、层次及类别比较法,对政策构成的基本要素进行分析。结果《美国国家健康教育标准》规定把性教育纳入学校的健康教育政策之中;英国在2000年将《个人、社会、健康、经济教育》正式确定为公立学校非法定国家基础课程,涉及性教育的内容主要集中反映在第3(11~14岁)和第4(14~16岁)学段,统称为"性和关系教育";芬兰政府于1970年后将性教育纳入了中小学的教学大纲;《健康与体育》课程是澳大利亚政府规定的基础教育学校主干课程之一,明确提出"关系与性"作为全面健康教育的一部分;新西兰教育部于2015年颁布了《性教育—校长、董事会成员和教师指南》;泰国学校开展性教育主要以"体育与健康"课程为载体,该课程为泰国基础教育的八门核心课程之一;菲律宾《健康教育课程指南》由该国教育部于2012年制定出台,其中涉及性教育内容主要包括在"生长发育"和"家庭健康"两部分。结论各国学校性教育政策在目标、内容、实施策略上存在异同。可为研制符合我国社会文化背景的学校性教育政策指南,促进学校性教育发展带来有益启示。

Objective To comprehensively analyze and understand the relevant policies on sexuality education from other countries for providing valuable references in developing the strategies in China. Methods With the basic methods of comparative education study, using the way of documentary research, level and category comparison to analyze the policy documents of school sexuality education/health education in USA, Canada, UK, Finland, Australia, New Zealand, Thailand, Philippines and Kenya.Results In USA, National Health Education Standards stipulates sexuality health education should be involved in school health education policy. In UK, Personal, Social, Health and Economic Education（ PSHE） was taken as non-statutory national basic curriculum in public school. The sexuality health education is focus on the 3 rd（ 11-14 years old） and 4 th stage（ 14-16 years old）, which is generally designated as Sexuality and Relationship Education. Finland Government took sexuality health education into the teaching program of the primary and secondary schools after the year of 1970. Health and Physical Education, one of the main courses in basic education schools, which is regulated by Australian Government, has made it clear that Sex and Relationship is part of general health education. New Zealand Education Ministry issued Sexuality Education—A Guide for Principals, Boards of Trustees, and Teachers in 2015. The course of PE and Health is a carrier of sexuality education, which is one of the Basic Education Core Curriculum in Thailand. K to 12 Curriculum Guide Health（ Grade 1 to Grade 10） is set by the Philippines Education Ministry in 2012,the sexuality education content is mainly included in the parts of Growth and Development and Family Health. Conclusion There are similarities and differences of goals, contents, implementation and assessment in different countries, which can bring useful enlightenment for formulating school sexuality health strategies according with Chinese social and cultural background and enhancing school based sexuality education development.