数字档案资源版权问题刍议:以美国《版权法(1976)》第108条为例

美国《版权法（1976）》第108条是美国专门为图书馆、档案馆提供版权例外保护的联邦法律。但20年来数字技术的发展，已迫使第108条出现了对新环境的明显不适用性。本文选择第108条及其修订过程作案例分析，对有关法律原文、修订征求意见稿以及学术研究成果等进行文本分析，归纳第108条中有关档案馆版权行为的基本内容．发现其对数字档案资源的类型、数量、利用方式与数字档案馆技术运用等方面存在的不适用问题。本文提出在未来数字档案资源版权保护方面，要做到尊重版权人权利、增强用户控制、明确档案馆职责与营造良性版权保护环境等基本原则。

Section 108 of the U.S. Copyright Act is the legislative protection of the exclusive right for the reproduction by libraries and archives. But it is becoming inapplicable to the new digital era with the recent 20 years＇ digital technology development. This research conducts a case study on the Section 108 and its revision, with text analysis on related laws, discussion document and academicliterature. The article concludes the content applicable to the copyright behavior in archives. It is discussed that the Section 108 is inapplicable to the digital archival resource with the more complex types, quantities and usage patterns, and to the digital archives with the more sophisticated techniques. This paper puts forward basic principles for the future copyright protection of digital archival resource, including respecting the rights of copyright owners, enhancing user control, clarifying the responsibilities of the archives and creating a benign copy- right environment.