不同氮肥处理对春季大棚番茄产量及肥料利用率的影响

Effect of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Treatments on Yield and Fertilizer Utilization Ratio of Tomato

以"荣威"番茄为试材,采用田间随机区组排列的方法,设置4个施肥处理(不施肥处理,CK;依据目标产量计算全氮处理,T1;减氮30%处理,T2;増施20%有机肥处理,T3),研究不同处理对番茄株高茎粗、土壤酶活性、肥料利用率及产量的影响。结果表明:T2处理番茄株高和茎粗与T1处理差异均不明显,显著高于CK和T3处理;采收盛期T2处理4种土壤酶(脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、磷酸酶)活性及肥料利用率均最高,春季氮、磷、钾肥利用效率分别为36.66%、60.51%、26.19%,肥料偏生产力为237.17kg·kg^(-1);每667m2产量为9 952kg,显著高于其它处理,较T1处理显著提高79%。因此,T2处理(每667m^2施入N:21.01kg;P_2O_5:2.71kg;K:18.24kg)产量最高,施肥效果最佳,推荐为杨凌区春季番茄施肥标准。

Taking ‘Rongwei＇tomato as experimental material,four fertilization levels were set up by means of random block arrangement in the field,no fertilization（CK）;the basic nitrogen was calculated based on target yield（T1）;reduce nitrogen fertilizer by 30%treatment（T2）,120% organic fertilizer treatment（T3）,the effect of the growth index and soil enzyme activity of tomato under four fertilization levels was studied.The results showed that the difference of growth index between T2 and T1 was not obvious,T2 was significantly higher than CK and T3.The urease,sucrose enzyme,catalase and phosphatase activity of T2 were the highest in the harvest time.The utilization rate of fertilizer of T2 was the highest.The utilization rate of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium was 36.66%,60.51%and 26.19%,respectively.The partial factor productivity was 237.17 kg·kg^-1.The yield was9 952 kg for every 667 m^2,with a significant increase of 79% compared with T1.To sum up,reducing nitrogen fertilizer by 30%treatment（N：21.01 kg;P2O5：2.71 kg;K2O：18.24 kg for every 667 m^2）has the highest yield and the best fertilization effect.