生态危机的根源究竟是生产还是资本——从生态马克思主义的资本批判路向说起

Is Production or Capital the Source of the Ecological Crisis——Starting From the Way of Capitalism Criticism of Ecological Marxism

对于生态危机根源的追问与思考,形成不同的批判路向。西方生态马克思主义者和我国的部分生态马克思主义研究者把生态危机的根源归于资本所主导的生产,另有部分生态马克思主义研究者则认为是生产本身引发生态危机的爆发。两种不同批判路向的分歧的原因在于对生态马克思主义的资本批判路向的不同理解。生态马克思主义认为,生产是造成生态危机的直接原因,资本是带来生态危机的根本原因,并且把资本逻辑作为导致生态危机的最终根源。跃出生态马克思主义的思路,从唯物史观的立场看,资本主义的生产逻辑与资本逻辑具有同一性,资本逻辑或生产逻辑的"泛化",是需要跳出资本主义社会来看待的另一个问题。社会主义生态文明是社会主义本质的内在的、逻辑的反映,代表着人类文明发展的新形态。

Questioning and thinking about the causes of ecological crisis have formed different critical directions. Western eco - marxists and some Chinese eco - marxists attribute the root of ecological crisis to the production led by capital, while some eco - marx- ists believe that production itself caused the outbreak of ecological crisis. The reason for the difference between two different directions of criticism lies in the different understanding of the direction of capital criticism of eco - marxism. Eco - marxism holds that production is the direct cause of ecological crisis, capital is the fundamental cause of ecological crisis, and capital logic is the ultimate cause of ec- ological crisis. From the standpoint of historical materialism, the production logic of capitalism and the capital logic have the same i- dentity. The ＂generalization＂ of the capital logic or production logic is another problem that needs to be seen from the perspective of capitalist society. Socialist ecological civilization is an internal and logical reflection of the essence of socialism and represents a new form of the development of human civilization.