涂装工业大气污染物排放毒性当量核算模型的研究

Toxicity Equivalent Accounting Model of Atmospheric Pollutant Discharged in Coating Industry

我国对于大气污染物排放的关注主要集中在其总量控制方面。由于排放到环境中的污染物种类多样,难以一一测定各类污染物的环境毒性,因此构建了一种环境毒性当量核算模型对大气污染物的综合毒性进行计算,并运用该模型对某项目涂装生产过程中排放的大气污染物毒性进行了核算。结果表明:该项目涂装生产过程主要毒性核算因子可采用二甲苯或VOCs,二甲苯或VOCs日排放量与毒性当量之间的定量关系为:以每日二甲苯排放总量计,二甲苯的日排放当量(二甲苯HI总当量)=83 437(即企业每排放1kg二甲苯可造成83 437人致病),如以每日VOCs排放总量计,VOCs的日排放当量(VOCs HI总当量)=87 062(企业每排放1kg VOCs可造成87 062人致病)。该研究结果可为大气污染物排放的毒性分级核算研究及推广提供依据。

The control of overall amount of pollutant emissions is a hot issue. Due to the variety of pollu tants,it is difficult to determine them separately,thus there lacks comprehensive evaluation methods of en vironmental toxicity of pollutants in particular regions by a comprehensive model. This paper constructs an environmental toxicity equivalent accounting model to comprehensively assess the toxicity in coating processes. The results show that the relationship between the emission and toxicity equivalent can be repre sented by the major toxicity assessment factors Xylene and VOCs. Specifically,based on the total amount of xylene discharged per day,HItotal 83 437,while per 1 kg emission of xylene will cause the illness of 83 437 persons;based on the total amount of VOCs discharged per day,HItotal 87 062,while per 1 kg emission of VOCs will cause the illness of 87 062 persons. The research findings can provide some basis for the further improvement and promotion of the assessment of the discharged pollutants classified by their toxicity.