基于层次分析和预先危险性分析法的建筑施工风险评价

Risk Evaluation of Building Construction Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process and Preliminary Hazard Analysis

建筑施工过程中众多的不安全因素使事故频发,因而确定建筑施工现场的安全生产条件,提高安全管理水平势在必行。基于建筑施工的危险性特征,采用层次分析法和预先危险性分析法相结合的分析方法,对建筑施工现场中存在的固有或潜在的风险进行了定性和定量分析。即先利用层次分析法对施工现场的危险有害因素进行分析,并计算各危险有害因素指标的权重,得出各危险有害因素指标权重的总排序,再利用预先危险性分析法对权重值较高的5个危险有害因素,即决策者的安全综合素质与安全技术水平、大型施工设备的安全管控情况、施工现场管理者的安全综合素质与安全技术水平、安全管理制度落实情况和施工材料的进场验收情况进行分析,进而提出降低建筑施工企业安全风险的一系列措施,以确保企业安全生产,降低人员伤亡和财产损失。

Many factors in the building construction process lead to frequent accidents. Therefore, it is imperative to determine the safe production conditions in the building construction site and improve the safety management level. Based on the risk characteristics of building construction,this paper chooses the risk analysis method to make a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the inherent hazards in the system. First, the paper analyzes the risk factors in the building construction site, and calculates the weights of each index by the AHP to obtain the ranking table of the index weights. Then the paper uses PHA to analyze five fac tots with high weight values, namely, the comprehensive quality and safety technology level of decision makers, the safety control of large construction equipment, the safety comprehensive quality and safety technology level of construction site managers, the implementation of safety management system and the acceptance of construction materials,in order to reduce the safety risks of building construction companies. Finally the paper proposes a series of measures to ensure the safe production of enterprises and reduce casualties and property losses.