子目标编码与数学能力对小学生和倍应用题样例学习效果的影响

The Effect of Subgoal Label and Mathematics Ability on the Primary Students' Learning Worked Examples About the Sum-multiple Word Problems

为考察子目标编码和数学能力对小学生数学样例学习效果的影响,对200名三年级小学生进行实验研究。实验一采用2(样例类型)×2(数学能力)两因素实验设计,结果发现,低能力组被试在无子目标编码样例类型下的近迁移成绩显著低于子目标编码样例类型下的成绩,低能力组被试在两种条件下的远迁移和认知负荷成绩没有显著差异,高能力组被试在两种样例类型下的学习效果没有差异。实验二采用2(子目标编码形式)×2(数学能力)两因素实验设计,结果发现,低能力组被试在子目标编码形式下的近迁移成绩显著高于子目标编码解释形式下的成绩,在远迁移与认知负荷成绩上两种形式没有显著差异,高能力组被试在两种编码形式下的学习效果没有显著差异。这表明子目标编码对低能力小学生数学样例学习的近迁移成绩有促进作用,子目标编码解释对低能力小学生数学样例学习的近迁移成绩有干扰作用。

In order to explore the efteet of subgoal label worked example learning, this paper makes an experimental and mathematics ability on the mathematical research on 200 thiM students. Experiment 1 uses the 2 （ type of worked example） x2 （ mathematics ability） grade primal3~ school factor design. The re-suits are as follows. In the group of lower ability, the near transfer scores of the subjects without the subgoal label worked example are remarkably lower than those of the subjects with the subgoal label worked example, there is no significant difference in the scores of far transfer and cognitive load in the two types of worked ex- ample, and in the group of higher ability, there is no difference in the subjects＇ learning effect in the two types. Experiment 2 uses the 2 （type of subgoal label） ~2 （mathematics ability） factor design. The results are as follows. In the group of lower ability, the near transfer scores of the subjects with the type of subgoal la- bel are remarkably higher than those of the subjects with the type of subgoal label explanation, there is no sig- nificant difference in the scores of far transfer and cognitive load in the two types, and in the group of higher a- bility, there is no difference in the subjects＇ learning effect in the two types of label. These results demonstrate that the subgoal label promotes the near transfer scores of the primary school students with lower ability in the mathematical worked example learning, while the subgoal label explanation decreases their near transfer scores.