齐尔塞尔论题在清代:学者对工匠的介导

The Zilsel's Thesis in the Qing Dynasty:Scholars on the Mediation of Artisans

伴随清代匠籍制度革新,工匠身份"自由化"以及"弃匠入仕"现象已然暗示国家对工匠身份转型的认同。尽管清代学者受制于文字狱及其他羁绊,仅能在朴学中考证技术,或在译介中引进西技,但学者的实业救国精神呈现出积极态势。这无疑为清代工匠之"艺"向技术性再造以及工匠之"技"向科学化迈进提供支持,进而打通学者与工匠之间"交易地带"的文化通道,实现学者对工匠文化的有效介导。但客观上,晚清学者对工匠的介导存在着制度性、文化性的保守主义缺憾,这种介导损伤无疑反证晚清唯技术思潮在人文主义领域的局限性。于是,晚清部分学者开始理性反思科技无法解决社会矛盾之问题,并迸发出对科学主义的怀疑以及坚守中华传统文化之呼声。

With the reform of the Qing Dynasty Carpentry system, the liberalization of artisan identity and the phenomenon of abandonment of artisans have implied recognition of the identity of the craftsmen. Although scholars of the Qing Dynasty were subject to literary inquisition and other influences, only in the Puxue in the verification technology, or in the introduction of Western technology, but the spirit of the scholars＇ industrial salvation showed a positive trend. This will undoubtedly provide a support for the artistry of artisans in the Qing Dynasty to the technical reengineering and the artisan＇s technique to the scientific direction, and then open up the cultural channel of the ＂Trading Zone＂ between scholars and artisans, thus realizing the scholars＇ effectively mediate. However, in the late Qing dynasty, there were institutional and cultural conservatism defects in the mediation of artisans in the late Qing dynasty, which undoubtediy proved the limitations of the late Qing dynasty＇s technological thought in the field of humanism. Thus, some scholars in the late Qing Dynasty began to reflect on science and technology which could not solve the problem of social contradictions, and burst out of suspicion of scientism, as well as adhere to the voice of Chinese traditional culture.