生物学“核心素养”中科学思维测评与命题的思考

Reflection on the Evaluation of Scientific Thinking in the Core Literacy of Biology and Test Designing

科学思维是科学的核心特点,也是生物学"核心素养"的重要组成。目前中学生物学科学思维测评存在的问题及其原因在于偏重科学事实的机械记忆,忽视证据推理;对于科学方法的考查变成了对其名称的拷问;对观念和态度的无效测评弱化了思维判断;试题情境偏离测评内容,忽视了试题的效度。鉴于此,以例题分析的方法,提供四种命题角度:证据的选择、分析和判断,通过问答充分表达思维状况,联系实际改变设问角度,判断研究方法是否科学,以便为教师帮助学生提升科学思维能力、教师测评学生科学思维水平提供借鉴。

Scientific thinking is the core feature of science,and also an important component of the core literacy of biology.At present,there are some problems in the evaluation of scientific thinking in middle school biology,such as:attaching importance to the mechanical memory of scientific facts,ignoring evidence reasoning;the examination of scientific methods becomes a torture of their names;the ineffective evaluation of ideas and attitudes weakens the thinking judgment;the situation deviates from the content of the evaluation,ignoring the validity of the test questions.The improved strategies include:selecting,analyzing and judging evidence;systematically showing students'thinking status through continuous questioning;creating students'thinking dilemma by changing the perspective of questioning;and making test questions based on scientific judgment of research methods.In doing so,the teachers can effectively help students to improve their scientific thinking ability and evaluate the level of scientific thinking of students.