人工智能专利侵权问题研究

Research on Patent Infringement of Artificial Intelligence

人工智能的发展提升了技术研发和实施能力,但其在参与研发及应用过程中也可能构成对现有专利权的侵犯。人工智能发明自动化背景下的专利侵权具有多阶段性、隐蔽性及主体不确定性等特征。人工智能对专利侵权判定问题的影响主要体现于等同原则的适用与限制,现有专利权的保护范围应当得到合理界定。专利直接侵权行为应从生产经营目的要件、主观过错等积极构成要件,以及专利权用尽原则、先使用抗辩、现有技术抗辩、科学实验例外、善意侵权等消极例外加以认定。专利间接侵权行为的认定应当分别从独立说与从属说进行分析。专利侵权责任的承担主体应当与人工智能发展阶段相适应。人工智能专利责任承担的形式包括损害赔偿、停止侵权以及人工智能特有的责任承担形式。人工智能专利侵权规则的完善,可以平衡人工智能权利人与现有专利权人之间的利益冲突,促进相关产业发展。

The development of artificial intelligence （AI） has promoted the ability of technology research and development and implementation,making the AI invaded the existing patent right in the process of participating in R＆D and its application.AI patent infringement is characterized by multiple stages,concealment and subject uncertainty under the automatic invention of AI.The influence of artificial intelligence on patent infringement judgment is reflected in the application and restriction of the doctrine of equivalents.The scope of existing patent rights protection should be reasonably defined.The direct infringement of patent rights should be determined from the active and the negative constituent elements of the identification such as the purpose of production and operation,the subjective fault,the principle of exhaustion of patent,the prior art defense,the exception of the scientific experiment,the good faith invasion and so on.The identification of patent indirect infringement should be analyzed separately from the theory of independence and subordinating.The subject of tort liability should be compatible with the development stage of AI.The form of AI patent liability includes damage compensation,injunction and the unique form of responsibility assumed by AI.Through the improvement of the patent infringement rules of AI,we can balance the conflict of interests between the AI and the patent owner,and promote the development of the industry.