硅氮配施对寒地水稻产量品质及抗倒性的影响

Effects of combined application of silicon and nitrogen on yield and lodging resistance of cold-region rice

为探究氮硅配施对寒地水稻产量、品质及抗倒性的影响,明确高产优质的硅氮优化管理措施,在盆栽条件下,采用二因素完全随机设计,进行2个硅肥水平下3个氮水平的试验研究。结果表明:A2处理穗数、穗粒数、结实率、产量较A1处理分别提高4.95%、1.20%、0.29%、5.14%;随施氮量增加穗数、产量呈增加趋势,硅氮互作对产量及构成因素不显著。施硅能够极显著改善加工品质,减氮利于改善外观品质,蛋白质含量最低为8.30%,食味值提高,且达到极显著水平。垩白粒率和垩白度在硅氮互作间达到显著水平;施硅能够提高各节间茎秆抗折力,A2处理抗倒伏指数与A1处理相比提高了18.40%。在B3条件下,A2处理的各节间抗折力、抗倒伏指数极显著或显著高于A1处理,分别高63.30%、114.50%、70.60%和76.10%。氮肥和硅肥运筹以二者对应最优指标施用量的组合为最优配比。

The study is meant to explore for the optimal management of silicon and nitrogen application by examining the effects of combined application of nitrogen and silicon on the yield, quality and lodging resistance of the cold region rice. Under the potted conditions, a completely randomized two-factor experiment was conducted, studying the effect of three levels of nitrogen combined with two levels of silicon. The results showed that the number of spikes, spikelets, seed sets and yield of A2 treatment increased by 4. 95%,1.20%,0. 29%and 5. 14%, respectively. While the number of spikes and yield increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, no significant relevance was found between the co-application of silicon and nitrogen and the yield or factors contributing to the yield. Silicon application could significantly improve the processing, nitrogen reduction was good for improving the appearance, the lowest protein content was 8. 30%, and the taste also improved very significantly. The rate of chalky grains and the amount of chalkiness reached a significant level under the controlled co-application of the silicon and nitrogen. The application of silicon increased the flexural resistance of the stems,and the A2 treatment lodging resistance index increased by 18.40% compared with the A1 treatment. Under the condition of B3, the flexural resistance and the lodging resistance index of the A2 treatment were extremely significant or significantly higher than those of the A1 treatment, which amounted to63. 30%,114. 50%,70. 60% and 76. 10%, respectively. The solution of the optimal combination of the nitrogen fertilizer and silicon fertilizer was the co-application of them in the optimal ratio between optimal indexes.