氮肥对不同氮效率玉米氮代谢酶和氮素利用及产量的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Nitrogen Metabolism Enzymes,Nitrogen Use and Yield of Maize with Different Nitrogen Efficiency

【目的】本文探究了供氮水平对不同氮效率玉米氮代谢及产量的影响。【方法】选择郑单958(低氮高效品种)和绥玉7号(低氮低效品种)为试验材料,试验设置6个供氮水平,分别为0、100、140、180、220和260 kg·hm-2(记为N0、N1、N2、N3、N4和N5),分析其氮代谢相关酶活性、叶片和茎秆内的氮素含量、产量的变化规律,旨在阐明不同氮效率玉米品种氮素利用效率差异的原因。【结果】不同供氮水平下,硝酸还原酶、亚硝酸还原酶、谷氨酸合成酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性、玉米氮素吸收转运、氮肥生理利用率、玉米产量及产量因子表现为郑单958显著高于绥玉7号。【结论】郑单958相对于绥玉7号具有更高的氮相关酶活性,从而提高氮素利用效率,并获得更高产量,此研究为黑龙江适宜品种选用及合理施肥提供理论和实验依据。

[ Objective] The experiment was to explore the effects of nitrogen supply on the nitrogen metabolism and yield of maize varieties with different nitrogen efficiency. [ Method] Zhengdan 958（ low nitrogen-high efficiency cuhivar） and Suiyu No. 7 （low nitrogen-low efficiency cuhivar） were selected as experimental materials, six nitrogen levels were set up, which was 0, 100, 140, 180, 220 and 260 kg · hm 2 , separately（ named NO, N1, N2, N3, N4 and N5 ）, and the nitrogen metabolism related enzyme activity, leaf and stem of the nitrogen content and yield variation of maize varieties were analyzed to elucidate the causes of nitrogen the different efficiency of nitrogen utilization efficiency difference. [ Result] Under different nitrogen levels, the nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase activity, maize nitrogen absorption and translocation, nitrogen physiological yield and yield factor, perfromance for the utilization rate of maize Zhengdan 958 was significantly higher than that of Suiyu No. 7. [ Conclusion] Compared to Suiyu No. 7, Zhengdan 958 had higher nitrogen related enzyme activity, tbereby improving the nitrogen use efficiency and higher yield. The study would provide the theoretical and experimental basis for the selection of varieties and rational fertilization in Heilongjiang.