齐硕姆的内在主义哲学思想——对20世纪美国哲学家齐硕姆原著的一些理解

Chisholm's Philosophical Thought of Internalism——Some Personal Understanding on 20th Century American Philosopher Chisholm's Philosophical Books

齐硕姆的内在主义哲学体现的意向性是他的思想体系中的一个重要特征,他将布伦塔诺的意向性理论从心灵领域向认识论、语言哲学、本体论、自由意志理论、价值论等领域扩展。在认识论上,他将人们的感觉和思考看作是知识的确定性的一个来源,认知者通过自已的意识状态可以使他的信念得到正确的辨明;并且相应地在知识的标准问题上,他主张个别的、内在认识意义上的"特定论"而反对外在的、一般意义上的"方法论";在价值理论上他提出了价值消隐和价值有机整体思想,这是一种内在意义上的价值理论。

Chisholm＇s philosophical thought of internalism is shown that intentionality is an important feature of his thought system. He extended Brentano＇s theory of intentionality from the spiritual realm to the fields of epistemology, linguistic philosophy, ontology, free will theory, and value theory. In episte- mology, he regards one＇s feelings and thoughts as a source of certainty of knowledge. The knower identifies that his belief is con＇ect through his consciousness. Correspondingly, in the standard of knowledge, he holds a ＂specific theory＂ in the sense of individual and internal knowledge and opposes the ＂methodology＂ in the external and general sense ; in the theory of value, he puts forward the idea of value blanking and value organic whole. This is a kind of theory of value of internalism.