农村面源污染形成的社会机制与对策分析——基于赣江流域Q村的案例调查

An Analysis of the Formation Mechanism and Countermeasures of the Rural Non-point Source Pollution: A Case Study Based on the Investigation of Q Village in Ganjiang River Basin

随着农村经济的快速发展,农村面源污染问题日益突出,成为制约农村建设生态宜居、农业绿色发展的瓶颈问题。通过对赣江流域Q村的调查发现,造成农村面源污染的环境行为不仅受微观的个体因素影响,还嵌入在社会环境中,是社会结构、市场机制和宏观层面的制度政策及其执行能力共同作用的结果。因此,培养农户的环境保认识和环境护行为,构建适宜农村的社会资本和多元利益主体配合的环境治理机制,制定全方位、可操作的政策法律体系并畅通执行渠道,是解决农村面源污染的系统性措施。

With the rapid development of rural economy, the problem of the rural non-point source pollution has become so prominent an issue that it restricts building ecologically livable areas and developing green agriculture in the countryside. Based on the investigation of Q village in Ganjiang River, this paper points out that the environmental behavior of rural non-point source pollution is not only affected by micro individual factors, but also embedded in the social environment resulting from the combined action of the social structure, market mechanism, macroscopic system policy and executive ability. Therefore, the systematic solution to the rural non-point source pollution lies in raising farmers' environmental protection awareness and encouraging their actions of environmental protection, constructing an environmental governance mechanism that is suitable for rural areas with joints efforts of social capital and multi-benefit subjects, and establishing an overall and operable legal system as well as unimpeded implementation channels.