安徽省文化遗产时空演化特征及影响因素——基于文物保护单位的视角

Spatial-Temporal Characteristics and Impacting Factors of Anhui Cultural Heritages: Based on the Perspective of Cultural Relics Protection Units

文化遗产是人类文明创造的见证,研究文化遗产的空间演化及其成因对于加强文化遗产保护与传承具有极其重要的意义。运用ArcGIS工具对安徽省文物保护单位时空分布进行分析,探讨文化遗产时空演变特征与地理环境的关系。研究发现:安徽省文化遗产空间分布类型趋于凝聚型,且聚集的程度较高;但不同类型的文化遗产具有不同的集聚形态。不同历史发展阶段文化遗产演化特征各异。文化遗产分布重心随着时间的推移呈现西北—西北—东南—东南迂回向南推移的态势,文化遗产演化格局经历了先分散后极化的空间过程。随后,进一步从地形地貌、水系河流、交通基础、历史积淀等4个方面探究文化遗产分布形态与地理环境的相关性,结果表明:文化遗产空间分布具有明显的平原指向性特征;与河流水系和主要交通线的距离远近关系呈幂指数递减趋势,且拟合方程的相关系数分别达0. 98和0. 99,说明文化遗产整体上呈现出较为显著的河流和交通"指向性"规律特征。

Cultural heritage is a witness to the creation of human civilization.It is of great significance to study the spatial evolution of cultural heritage and its causes for strengthening the protection and inheritance of cultural heritage.This paper presents an analysis of the spatial-temporal distribution of Anhui cultural heritages based on the application of ArcGIS software,then we explore the relationships of cultural heritages distribution and the geographical environment.The results show that：Firstly,the spatial distribution patterns of cultural heritage in Anhui province tend to agglomerate,and the degree of aggregation is relatively high on the geographic space;Secondly,different historical stages of development,cultural heritage spatial evolution characteristics vary;the direction of the movement is consistent with the historical development trajectory of Anhui Province,which moves to the northwest first and to the southeast.The evolution pattern of cultural heritage has experienced a spatial process of dispersion first and then polarization.Thirdly,the spatial distribution and evolutionary characteristics of cultural heritage in Anhui province are closely related to geographical environment,such as terrain,river,traffic.First of all,the cultural heritage of the spatial distribution has obvious directivity characteristics of plain,and then the distance between the river system and the main traffic line shows a trend of power exponential decline,which shows that the overall heritage of the cultural heritage shows the characteristics of the“directional”characteristics of the river and traffic.