“图书馆学”一词的引进与我国图书馆学体系的初步形成

The Introduction of the Chinese Term“Tu Shu Guan Xue(Library Science)” and the Preliminary Construction of Library Science System in China

据目前所见文献,"图书馆学"一词最早引入我国是谢荫昌于1910年10月发表的连载译文《图书馆教育》,三个月后,《图书馆教育》一书正式出版。随着清末民初我国图书馆事业的发展,图书馆教育和图书馆学研究均取得进展。1920年代,文华图书科的创办、北京高等师范学校举办的暑期图书馆学讲习会等,标志着我国图书馆学学科的确立。我国图书馆学人在吸纳国外图书馆学体系的基础上,逐步补充发展,1934年以刘国钧为核心创建的最具代表意义的图书馆要素说,标志着我国图书馆学体系的初步形成。此外,关于"图书馆学是一门科学吗?"的疑问,以李景新、李惠君等为代表的图书馆学人从图书馆学的科学性、为什么研究图书馆学、研究图书馆学有什么用处等方面予以解答。

Scholars in Chinese Library Science history have attached great importance to the origin of the Chinese term ＂Tu Shu Guan Xue＂（ ＂图书馆学＂ in Chinese）, which is equal to ＂Library Science＂ in English. According to A Selected Bibliography on Library Science compiled by Kung Min-chung in 1928, ＂Tu Shu Guan Xue＂ first appeared in the article Introduction to Library Science in Jiao Tong Ri Bao （ ＂Traffic Daily＂） on June 16, 1917, which was written by Jiangzhong Zi （＂江中孜＂） and translated into Chinese by Jun Ming（ “濬明”）. Later on, ＂Jiangzhong Zi＂ was once mistaken for ＂Jiangzhong Kao＂（ “江中考”）. Now, though the article Introduction to Library Science has not been found yet, the belief that the Chinese term ＂Tu Shu Guan Xue＂ first appeared in 1917 could be overthrown. In 1910, the Chinese term ＂Tu Shu Guan Xue＂ appeared for several times in the article tided Library Education , which was originally written by the Japanese scholar Tono Shujirou（ ＂户野周二郎＂） and translated by Xie Yinchang. The article was published continuously in Si Chuan Jiao Yu Guan Bao （ Sichuan Education Gazette）, and became Chapters 1 and 2 of the book Library Education published by Mukden Book Publishing House in december, the second year of Xuantong Emperor＇ regime on the lunar Calendar （i.e., January 1911）. Through the translatedmonograph Library Education, lie Yinchang gave an introduction to the necessity and feasibility of opening library courses in normal schools. Later on, he wrote more articles to promote library education in China. In the 1920s, Boone Library School was founded, and then a Library Science Summer School was held by the Peking High Normal College. They marked the establishment of the discipline of Library Science in China, and Chinese scholars began to establish a scientific system of Library Science with Chinese characteristics. In 1923, the first monograph under the title of Tu Shu Guan Xue（＂Library Science＂） was published in China. In 1925, Doo Ding U published his work Tu Shu Guan Xue Zhi Yanjiu（＂A Study on Library Science＂）, which marked the beginning of the construction of Library Science with Chinese characteristics. In 1934, Chinese library scholars with Liu Kwoh-chuin as the core proposed a theoretical system of library elements, which should be the most representative Library Science theory in modern China. In addition, since the beginning, ＂Is Library Science a Science？＂ has been a fundamental question to be answered by Chinese library scholars. Though the belief that libraries should be useful has long been dominant, in the 1930s some library scholars represented by Li Chin-Sin and Li Huijun tried to make clear the scientificity of Library Science, especially the scientific aspects of Library Science, the reasons for and the usefulness of studying Library Science.