马克斯·弗里施戏剧思想探析

A Study on Max Frisch's Theories of Theatre

本文对马克斯·弗里施的戏剧思想及其产生的原因予以梳理和分析。在戏剧的本质问题上,弗里施否认西方传统文学(戏剧)观所认为的戏剧是对现实的模仿,在他看来,戏剧是对从现实中提取的素材进行变形(艺术加工)并以此来阐释世界;在戏剧的功能问题上,弗里施认为戏剧不仅具有审美、娱乐功能,而且还应具有激发观众理性思考并提高其对现实世界认识的功能,此外他还对布莱希特所持的戏剧应教育观众和改变世界的观点予以了反驳。但他又并未完全否定戏剧的社会作用。弗里施上述戏剧观的形成与其所处的时代、其在思想上所受的西方现代哲学中的语言学转向以及存在主义思潮的影响密切相关。

This paper looks into the origin of Max Frisch＇s theories of theatre and the reason. In regard to the nature of theatre, Frisch denies the traditional western literature theories that the nature of theater is no more than an imitation of reality. He holds the idea that theatre is the deformation （artistic processing） of practical materials from reality to interpret the world. In terms of the functions of theatre, Frisch thinks that theatre is not only aesthetic and entertaining, but also inspires the audience＇s rational thinking and deepens their understanding of the real world. In addition, Max Frisch holds a different view with Brecht＇s view that theatre should educate the audience and change the world. Yet, he doesn＇t completely deny the social significance of theatre. Frisch＇s theories of theatre are closely related to his time, the linguistic turn and the influence of existentialism in western modem philosophy.