逻辑思维能力的测量要素及其题型示例

Measurement Elements of Logical Thinking Ability and Sample Questions

逻辑思维能力是科技发展和社会进步的必需能力,对其进行测量和评价是培养逻辑思维能力的一个重要环节。逻辑思维能力的测量要素包括澄清概念的能力、准确判断的能力、严密推理的能力、合理论证的能力以及辨识谬误的能力,其测试题型有概念辨析、定义判断、类比推理、归纳推理、演绎推理、论证评价和谬误辨识等。基于东方文化的逻辑思维能力测量,需要注意:1)逻辑思维能力测试是能力测试,而非知识测试;2)逻辑思维能力测量的目标指向一定要明确;3)要加强对逻辑思维能力测量的科学研究。

Logical thinking ability （LTA） is a requisite for scientific and technological development and social progress. Measurement and assessment are themselves part of the LTA cultivation process. The measurement elements of LTA include the ability to clarify concepts, the ability to judge accurately, the ability to reason rigorously, the ability to argue soundly and the ability to identify fallacies. The test question types include concept analysis, definition matching, analogical reasoning, inductive reasoning, deductive reasoning, argument evaluation, error identification and so on. Given the oriental cultural context, it is also worth noting that a） an LTA test is an ability test, not a knowledge test; b） the goal of LTA measurement must be clear; e） research on LTA measurement must be strengthened.