改良式ELISA在HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-HIV、抗-TP检测中的优势分析

Analysis of advantage of modified in the detection of HBsAg,anti-HCV,anti-HIV and anti-TP

目的分析改良式酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)在乙肝表面抗原(hepatitis B surface antigen,HBs Ag)、丙肝病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)抗体、人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)抗体、梅毒螺旋体(Treponema pallidum,TP)抗体检测中的优势。方法随机抽取2016年1月—2018年1月无偿献血者的血液样本20 000份作为研究对象,分别采用传统ELISA和改良式ELISA对血液样本进行检测,以确证试验结果为标准,对两种方法的检测结果进行比对。结果确证试验结果证实,20 000份血液样本中HBs Ag阳性104份、抗-HCV阳性94份、抗-HIV阳性55份、抗-TP阳性100份;改良式ELISA符合率分别为99.04%、97.87%、100.00%、100.00%,均高于传统ELISA(93.27%、91.49%、94.55%、94.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。改良式ELISA的灵敏度为99.72%、准确度为99.43%,均高于传统ELISA(94.00%、93.77%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。特异度为50.00%,高于传统ELISA(33.33%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在HBs Ag、抗-HCV、抗-HIV、抗-TP检测中,改良式ELISA的效果比传统ELISA更佳,值得在今后检测工作中推广使用。

Objective To analyze the advantages of modified ELISA in the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen（HBs Ag）,and antibody against hepatitis C virus（HCV）,human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）,Treponema pallidum（TP）. Methods A total of 20 000 blood samples from voluntary blood donors from January 2016 to January 2018 were randomly selected as subjects,conventional and modified ELISA were used to test the blood samples,and the results was compared with confirm method. Results Confirm test showed that the positive number of HBs Ag,antiHCV,anti-HIV,and anti-TP was 104,94,55,100 in 20 000 samples. The coincidence rate of modified ELISA was99.04%,97.87%,100.00% and 100.00%,was higher than conventional ELISA（93.27%,91.49%,94.55% and 94.00%）,and the difference was statistically significant（P〈 0.05）. The sensitivity and accuracy of modified ELISA was 99.72%,99.43%,was higher than conventional ELISA（94.00%,93.77%）,the difference was statistically significant（P 〈0.05）.The specificity of modified ELISA was 50.00%,was higher than conventional ELISA（33.33%）,with statistical significance（P〈 0.05）. Conclusion Modified ELISA showed more advantages in the detection of HBs Ag,anti-HCV,antiHIV and anti-TP. It is worth to promote in the future.