云南省夏大豆种质资源表型鉴定和综合评价模型构建

Phenotypic Screening of Summer Sowing Soybean Germplasm Resources in Yunnan Province and Constructing A Comprehensive Evaluation Model

为全面准确评价夏大豆种质资源,构建大豆种质资源综合评价体系,满足育种家快速、定向选择育种亲本的需求。本研究采用路径分析、探索性因子分析、隶属函数、聚类分析、回归分析等多元分析方法相结合,对451份云南省夏大豆种质资源的11个重要表型性状进行研究。结果表明:451份大豆种质资源表型性状变异丰富,类型多样。性状间存在错综复杂的相关性,且性状间的相互影响清晰地分为两条路径,一条最终影响大豆品质,另一条最终影响单株粒重。通过探索性因子分析,将11个表型性状转化为产量构成因子、品质因子、株高因子、粒重因子、单荚粒数因子等5个公共因子。通过隶属函数计算综合评价值(D值),并对D值进行聚类分析,将451个种质划分成3个类群,每个类群具有不同的优势性状。运用逐步回归的方法建立大豆种质综合评价数学模型:D=0.0102X_3+0.0055X_4-0.0021X_5+0.0014X_7+0.007X_9+0.179X_(11)(R^2=0.9908,F=8006,P<0.0001)。该模型可用于大豆种质资源综合评价,为定向选择有重要价值的亲本提供依据。

The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the phenotypic variation of soybean germplasm resources,in order to build up the comprehensive evaluation system that benefits to user-friendly select the parental lines in breeding. 11 important agronomic traits were surveyed in 451 soybean germplasm accessions of Yunnan province,and the path analysis,exploratory factor analysis,membership function method,clustering analysis,and stepwise regression analysis were applied. The dataset revealed that phenotypic traits of 451 soybean germplasm resources represented large variations. Although the complicated network was observed among these 11 traits,we clearly detected two major components consisting of the quality and seed weight per plant. By exploratory factor analysis（ EFA）,we divide the 11 phenotype traits into 5 common factors,including yield,quality,plant height,kernel weight,and kernels per pod. The membership function method was employed to calculate comprehensive value（ D）,and the cluster analysis suggested three groups in 451 soybean germplasm resources,and each group hasdifferent dominant traits. At last,a mathematical evaluation model for soybean germplasm resources was established by stepwise regression analysis,D = 0. 0102 X_3＋ 0. 0055 X_4-0. 0021 X_5＋ 0. 0014 X_7＋ 0. 007 X_9＋ 0. 179 X_（11）（ R-2=0. 9908,F = 8006,P 0. 0001）. This model provided a possibility to evaluate the soybean germplasm accessions,being valuable in selecting the breeding parental lines with important traits.