花生种质资源表型性状的综合评价及指标筛选

Comprehensive Evaluation and Index Screening of Phenotypic Traits in Peanut Germplasm Resources

分析花生种质资源表型性状的变异规律,构建花生种质资源的综合评价体系,筛选最优的评价指标。本研究以40份花生种质资源的17个表型性状为研究对象,利用变异系数与Shannon-Weaver指数对表型性状的多样性进行分析,采用聚类分析、主成分分析以及逐步回归分析对花生种质资源进行了综合评价和鉴定指标的筛选。结果表明:17个表型性状的变异系数变化范围为4.15%~31.82%,油酸、亚油酸以及蔗糖含量等性状变异丰富,出仁率、粗脂肪及蛋白质含量等性状较稳定;多样性指数变化范围为1.39~2.06,主茎高、百仁重及蛋白质含量等性状分布比较均匀,油酸、亚油酸及棕榈酸等性状分级及分布较不均匀。聚类分析把40份花生种质资源分为4个类群。主成分分析把17个表型性状归为5个主成分(累计贡献率80.41%,反映出17个表型性状的大部分信息),依次为花生籽粒含油量因子、籽粒含糖量因子及丰产性因子,以上因子可以较准确的评价花生种质。花生种质表型性状的综合评价由F值大小判定,F值均值为0.73,开农176的F值最高,阜花12号的F值最低。由逐步回归分析筛选出8个表型性状:单株鲜果重、百果重、出仁率、粗脂肪、蛋白质含量、棕榈酸、油酸和蔗糖含量。花生种质资源遗传多样性较丰富,综合评价F值可以为花生种质资源评价提供参考,筛选的8个表型性状可以作为花生种质资源性状评价指标。

By analyzing the law of variation of phenotypic traits in peanut germplasm resources,this work attempted to select the optimal evaluation indexes important for constructing a comprehensive evaluation system of peanut germplasm resources. Seventeen phenotypic traits in 40 peanut germplasm accessions were studied by using variation coefficient and index of Shannon-Weaver to analyze diversity of phenotypic traits. Cluster analysis,principal component analysis and stepwise regression analysis were deployed in evaluation of peanut germplasm accessions and identification of indexes. The result showed that variation coefficients ranged from 4. 15% to 31. 82%,and traits vary significantly in oleic acid,linoleic acid and sucrose content,while the traits of shelling percentage,oil content and protein content are stable; diversity indexes range from 1. 39 to 2. 06. In terms of traits,height of main stem,100-seed weight,and protein content distribute equally,while the characters of oleic acid,linoleic acid and palmitic acid distribute unevenly. 40 peanut germplasm resources were divided into 4 groups by cluster analysis. Seventeenphenotypic traits were classified into five principal components with principal component analysis（ cumulative contribution rate 80. 41 %,reflecting most information of 17 phenotypic traits）. The five principal components are grain oil content factor,grain sugar content factor and high yield factor which could accurately evaluate peanut germplasm. The comprehensive evaluation of phenotypic traits of peanut germplasm is determined by the value of F value. The average value is 0. 73,KN 176 is the highest,and FH 12 is the lowest. Eight phenotypic traits are screened by stepwise regression analysis： fresh yield/plant,100-pod weight,shelling percentage,oil content,protein content,palmitic acid,oleic acid and sucrose content. Peanut germplasm resources are abundant in genetic diversity. Thus,this work provided references in evaluation of peanut germplasm accessions via applying 8 phenotypic traits as evaluation indexes.