湖北省60岁及以上老年人膳食结构与健康状况分析

ANALYSIS ON DIETARY PATTERN AND HEALTH STATUS OF THE RESIDENTS OVER 60 YEARS OLD IN HUBEI PROVINCE

目的了解湖北省60岁及以上老年人的膳食结构及健康状况,为政府制定相关政策、指导老年人合理膳食提供科学依据。方法利用湖北省2010~2012年中国居民营养与健康监测中家庭连续3d24h膳食回顾和调味品称重法的膳食调查数据及医学体检数据(包括身高、体质量、血压、空腹血糖、血红蛋白、血清甘油三酯、血清胆固醇和血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇),分析湖北省60岁及以上老年人膳食结构与健康状况。结果湖北省老年人畜禽肉类、蔬菜类、豆类及坚果、鱼虾类、蛋类、水果类和奶类的摄入量低于推荐摄入量的比例分别为62.65%、71.76%、79.17%、81.17%、82.10%、99.23%和99.69%;食用油和盐的摄入量高于推荐摄入量的比例分别为69.75%和72.07%。大部分的老年人存在维生素A、维生素B_1、维生素B_2、维生素C、钙、锌和硒等营养素摄入不足的风险。老年人贫血、低体重营养不良、超重、肥胖、高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常患病率分别为11.59%、6.22%、26.64%、9.05%、45.30%、10.81%和28.62%。结论湖北省老年人膳食结构仍不尽合理,主要营养素缺乏问题仍然存在,营养相关疾病患病情况不容乐观。应加强老年人群营养宣教工作,提倡平衡膳食和健康的生活方式。

Objective To investigate dietary pattern and health status of the residents over 60 years old in Hubei Province, so as to provide information for developing relevant policies and nutritional guidelines for the elderly. Methods Using dietary data and medical examination data from the Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2010-2012, the dietary pattern and health status of the elderly were analyzed. Results The intakes of meat vegetables, beans and nuts, fish, eggs, fruits and milk were lower than the recommended intake 62.65%, 71.76%, 79.17%, 81.17%, 82.10%, 99.23% and 99.69% respectively. The oil and salt intakes were higher than the recommended intake by 69.75% and 72.07% in Hubei Province. Most of the elderly were at risk of nutrients deficiencies such as vitamin A, vitamin B~, vitamin B2, vitamin C, calcium, zinc and selenium. The rates were 11.59% for anemia, 6.22% for low body weight, 26.64% for overweight, 9.05% for obesity, 45.30% for hypertension, 10.81% for diabetes and 28.62% for dyslipidemia. Conclusion The dietary pattern of the elderly is not well balanced. The deficiency of nutrients is still a problem, and the prevalence of nutrition-related diseases is not optimistic. It is necessary to strengthen nutritional education, in order to promote balanced diet and healthy lifestyle.