海洋动物来源微生物分离培养的新方法

Novel approaches for isolation and cultivation of microorganisms associated with marine animals

海洋动物体内有着丰富的微生物,它们可以帮助动物宿主合成一些营养物质或者抵御其他动物侵害所需的化合物。在海洋动物来源微生物的生物活性化合物中,目前已有功能较好且应用于临床治疗的化合物。由于实验室分离培养条件的限制,目前仅有小部分的微生物被分离利用。因此开展新颖而有效的海洋动物来源微生物分离培养方法的研究十分必要。本文概括了近些年从海洋动物中分离微生物的新方法的结果和不足,这些方法包括原位培养技术、电回收法和培养基的改良等,重点介绍了扩散盒技术、I-tip技术和微囊包埋技术等。这些新方法的应用有助于获得更多新的微生物菌种和微生物次生代谢产物,了解微生物与动物宿主之间的关系,以及扩大海洋微生物资源的开发和利用。

Marine animals are rich in microorganisms, which can help animal hosts synthesize some nutrients for the growth of hosts or compounds against other animals. Many compounds isolated from these microorganisms have good bioactivities and some are used in clinical treatment. Only few microorganisms were isolated from marine animals in the common conditions. Therefore, novel and efficient approaches are urgently required to promote the isolation and cultivation of uncultured microbes from marine animals. In this review, we provide an overview of the novel cultivation-based approaches while documenting their outcomes and limitations, including in situ method for cultivating microorganisms, electrical retrieval method and the refinement of culture media, and focusing on diffusion growth chambers, I-tip method, and micro-encapsulation approach, etc. These new approaches may lead to valuable advances in obtaining more new microbial strains and novel secondary metabolites, understanding the relationship between microorganisms and animal hosts, and making use of marine microbial resources.