英国安全战略的特点、挑战与对策

The Characteristics,Challenges and Countermeasures of the Security Strategy of the United Kingdom

根据英国政府历次颁布的《国家安全战略》及《战略防务与安全评估》可以判断,英国安全战略形成了符合其战略地位且长时间相对稳定的鲜明特点:坚持价值观在内政外交中的核心地位,坚持安全目标的一贯性,坚持维护英美"特殊关系",坚持重振大国地位。然而,当下的英国处于一个危险的和不确定的时代,面临诸多安全战略挑战,且不确定性的增加使得英国所面临的安全威胁在规模、多样性和复杂性等方面都有所上升:国家行为体的威胁复苏,尤其是俄罗斯在克里米亚的军事行动对欧洲安全局势造成了严重的威胁;新兴经济体崛起对世界经济的发展具有重大贡献但对原有国际秩序造成冲击;英国脱欧或将付出巨大的成本代价以及带来更多的不确定因素。内外交困的英国审时度势,从反恐、应急以及军事三大方面应对和防范安全威胁,平衡经济安全与国家安全,重点处理与美国、俄罗斯以及新兴国家之间的关系,以及减少脱欧的代价及不确定性因素。

According to The National Security Strategy and The Strategic Defence and Security Review issued by the British gov- ernment, it can be concluded that the UK＇s security strategy has formed a distinctive feature that is in line with its strategic posi- tion and is relatively stable for a long time： adhering to the core position of values in domestic and foreign affairs, adhering to the consistency of security objectives, upholding the ＂special relations＂ between UK and the US, and insisting on reviving the status of great power. However, the current UK is facing a number of security strategy challenges in a dangerous and uncertain era. As more uncertainty increases, the security threats facing the UK are increasing in scale, diversity and complexity： the resurgence of state - based threats, especially Russia＇s military operations in Crimea pose a grave threat to the security situation in Europe; the rise of emerging economies has made a significant contribution to the development of the world economy but has inflicted an im- pact on the original international order; the Brexit will pay a huge cost and bring more uncertainty. Beset with troubles internally and externally, the UK sizes up the situation, coping with and guarding against security threats from the three aspects of fighting terrorism, emergency and military affairs, balancing economic security with national security, focusing on the relations with the United States, Russia and emerging countries, and reducing the costs and uncertainties of the Brexit.