重大决策社会稳定风险评估中的利益相关者参与:行动逻辑与模式构建

The Stakeholder Participation of Major Policy Social Stability Risk Assessment: Action Logic and Pattern Construction

社会稳定风险评估涉及利益相关者之间复杂的互动,其质量高低在很大程度上取决于利益相关者能否有效参与。因利益诉求不同,稳评中的利益相关者具有不同的行动逻辑:政府呈现为维稳压力与象征性执行;公众呈现为风险感知与利益表达;企业呈现为利润最大化与社会责任;专家呈现为理性主义与角色异化;专业机构呈现为独立宗旨与利益输送。在此基础上,建立了稳评"本位主义:政府主导模式-实证主义:专家理性模式-建构主义:利益相关者参与模式"的分析框架。基于三种稳评主体模式的比较,奉行建构主义的利益相关者参与模式,遵循事实与价值整合的原则,融合了多种评估模式的优势,实现了实证评估与规范评估的统一,这应是当前中国稳评主体模式的理想选择。然而,由于政府决策体制的制度掣肘、公众参与能力的现实羁绊以及专业机构的发展滞后等因素叠加,当前中国稳评的利益相关者参与模式尚未真正建立,需要政府、公众、专业机构等稳评利益相关者采取相应行动。

The social stability risk assessment involve complex stakeholder interpersonal behavior, so the quality of social stability risk assessment depends on the stakeholder participation to a great extent. Because of different interests demand the stakeholders in so-cial stability risk assessment have different action logic： the government presented as maintain stability pressure and symbolic implemen-tation; the public presented as risk perception and interest expression; the company presented as profit maximization and social responsi-bility; the expert presented as rationalism and personas alienation; the professional firm presented as independent aim and benefit deliv-ery. On this basis, this paper establishes the analysis framework of social stability risk assessment which is the departmentalism of gov-ernment-orient pattern, the positivism methodology of expert rationalism pattern, the structuralism of stakeholder participation pattern.Based on the three body patterns of social stability risk assessment by comparison, the structuralism of stakeholder participation pattern is the ideal choice for China at present, which follows the principle of fact/value conformity, compromises advantages of various assessment patterns and achieves the unity of positive assessment and specification assessment. However, China stakeholder participation pattern of social stability risk assessment has not established at present because of the system constraint of government policy system, the real yoke of public participation ability and the lag of professional firm, so the government, the public and the professional firm need take corre-sponding actions.