农村公共服务体制改革的困境与根源探析——湖北咸安区“以钱养事”改革的十年反观与思辨

Analysis of Difficulties and Roots of Rural Public Service Reform:A Review of the Ten Years of “Market-oriented Public Service Delivery” Reform in Xian'an District of Hubei Province

以湖北咸安区"以钱养事"改革为代表的农村公共服务体制改革探索历经十余年,却并未沿着改革设想而发展,始终未完成改革目标,而且引发政府、市场与社会主体在农村服务供给中的"三重"失灵,导致供给与需求严重脱节,供需矛盾不断激化。基于实证研究来追本溯源,反观"以钱养事"改革的十年历程,当前农村公共服务改革仍然面临效难发挥、力难汇聚、发展难续的现实困境,呈现出多元化的现实形态。究其根源,源自既有农村治理体制所产生的多重体制性错位、体制性冲突与排斥以及改革本身所隐藏的机制性改革悖论。以农村公共服务体制的社会化重构为核心的持续性改革创新势在必行。

The rural public service reforms represented by the reform of indirect administration in Xian'an District of Hubei Province have lasted over ten years; however,it has not developed as expected,and has never reached the reform goal,instead,it triggered the triple failure of government,market and social organizations in the supply of rural public services and led to a serious disconnect between supply and demand,as a result,the contradiction between supply and demand has intensified. Reviewing the ten-year reform,we can find that the current rural public service reform still faces the dilemma of low efficiency and cohesion and unsustainable development. This can be attributed to the multiple institutional dysfunction,institutional conflicts and exclusions generated by the rural governance system,and the institutional paradox hidden in the reform itself. It is imperative to carry out continuous reform and innovation with the socialized reconstruction of the rural public service system as the core.