储藏小米孳生害嗜鳞螨调查

Lepidoglyphus destructor(Glycyphagidae) infestation in the stored foxtail millet

目的了解储藏小米孳生害嗜鳞螨(Lepidoglyphus destructor)情况,并对害嗜鳞螨进行形态学观察。方法随机选择安徽省临泉县农户30家,每家采集储藏小米1份,每份10g,用直接镜检法进行粉螨分离和标本制备,于光学显微镜下观察螨的形态特征。结果共采集储藏小米30份(300g),其中3份检出害嗜鳞螨,检出率为10%;检获害嗜鳞螨共9 858只,平均孳生密度为328.6只/g,且各发育阶段(成螨、第三若螨、休眠体、第一若螨、幼螨、卵)的害嗜鳞螨均有检获。此外,还分离出马六甲肉食螨(Cheyletus malaccensis)和网真扇毛螨(Eucheyletia reticulata)。上述3种螨分别隶属于粉螨亚目(Acaridida)、食甜螨科(Glycyphagidae)嗜鳞螨属(Lepidoglyphus)的1种及前气门亚目(Trombidiformes)、肉食螨科(Cheyletidae)中的肉食螨属(Cheyletus)和真扇毛螨属(Eucheyletia)。结论安徽临泉县农户储藏小米有害嗜鳞螨孳生,可能与小米营养价值高及储藏环境温湿度适宜等有关。害嗜鳞螨有一定危害性,应采取有效措施防止该螨的扩散污染。

Objectives To understand the breeding of L.destructorin the stored foxtail millet and observe morphology of the mites. Methods The stored foxtail millet were randomly collected from 30 farmhouse in Linquan County of Anhui Province.One sample were collected from each farmhouse,each sample weighted 10 g and totally 300 g foxtail millet were collected.Direct microscopy was used to separate mites.Then the slides with mites were prepared and mite morphology was observed under a light microscope. Results 30 samples（300 g）were collected from millet,and L.destructor were found in 3 samples with a detection rate of 10.00%.9 858 mites were found with an average breeding density of 328.6/g.Under the light microscope,L.destructorin different life cycle（adult mites,tritonymph,hypopus,protonymph,larvae,eggs）were visible in stored foxtail millet.Besides,Cheyletus malaccensis and Eucheyletia reticulata were also found from the stored foxtail millet.The three species of mites were respectively belonged to one species of Acaridida,Glycyphagidae,Lepidoglyphus,and Cheyletus and Eucheyletia of Trombidiformes,Cheyletidae. Conclusion There are mites breeding in the stored foxtail millet,which are closely related to factors such as high nutrition of foxtail millet,collection date,suiable temperature and humidity of room.The mites endanger harmfully,so effective measures should be taken to prevent and control it.