国际上自然资源国家所有权制度的特点及对我国的启示

Features of the International System of State Ownership of Natural Resources and Their Implications for China

在推进生态文明建设和国家治理现代化过程中,自然资源国家所有权的表达至关重要,它既是财产法上的私权,还是政府对自然资源的行政管理权。从国际上看,自然资源国家所有权相对于其他的所有权是特殊的:自然资源所有权一般实行公有,中央和地方分级所有;自然资源国家所有权的功能是多元的,不仅是国家作为所有权的主体占有、使用、收益自然资源,还有规制和管理的功能;自然资源国家所有权进行分类调整。国际上自然资源国家所有权的特点为我国正在进行的自然资源产权制度改革提供了借鉴。

In the process of promoting construction of ecological civilization and modernization of national govemance, it is significant to clarify the implications of state ownership of natural resources. It is not only private ownership, but also administrative management authority to natural resources. Internationally, state ownership of natural resources has some features. Firstly, natural resources are mostly publicly owned. Secondly, the state ownership implies not only the state possesses, uses and gets revenue from natural resources, but also has authority to regulate them for the public. Thirdly, state owned natural resources are managed based on different categories. The characteristics of state ownership of natural resources provide useful references for the ongoing reform of the natural resources property rights system in China.