语言符号任意性和不变性视角下的术语翻译方法研究

On Term Translation Methods from Perspective of Arbitrariness and Invariability of Linguistic Signs

术语翻译是将原语术语的语言符号转变为译语术语语言符号的思维过程,故而术语翻译必然会受到索绪尔语言符号任意性和不变性的制约。从索绪尔语言符号任意性和不变性视角,对术语翻译的"现有译法"和"找译译法"进行了探讨。认为:索绪尔语言符号任意性论断是"现有译法"的理论基础;索绪尔语言符号不变性论断是"找译译法"的理论基础;"找译译法"适用于有译语对应词的原语术语翻译;"现有译法"适用于无译语对应词的原语术语翻译;将"现有译法"误用到有译语对应词的原语术语翻译是造成目前术语翻译难,术语误译多的根本原因。

The term translation is inevitably restricted by the arbitrariness and invariability of Saussure＇s linguistic signs because it is a thinking process of transforming linguistic signs of source language terms into those of target language terms. From the perspective of the arbitrariness and invariability of Saussure＇s linguistic signs,this paper discusses ＂current translation method＂and ＂translation method of looking for equivalent＂for terms,and draws the following conclusions： Saussure＇s arbitrariness inference of linguistic signs is a theoretical foundation of ＂current translation method＂; Saussure ＇s invariability inference of linguistic signs is a theoretical foundation of ＂translation method of looking for equivalent＂; ＂current translation method＂is suitable for translation of source language terms having no equivalents in the target language and ＂translation method of looking for equivalent＂ is suitable for translation of source language terms having equivalents. Misapplying ＂current translation method＂to translation of source language term having equivalent in the target language is the major cause of the mistranslation of terms at present.