亨利·詹姆斯《德莫福夫人》中的全景敞视与医学凝视

On Panoptism and Medical Gaze in Henry James's Madame De Mauves

亨利·詹姆斯早期短篇小说《德莫福夫人》反映了作者对女性的关注,表现了对意识中心叙事手法的实验性运用,该作品中女主人公的故事是在他人的"凝视"下展开的。运用米歇尔·福柯的凝视理论,从空间结构、全景敞视和医学凝视等角度解读《德莫福夫人》中女性作为附属品被父权社会物化的地位。詹姆斯在该小说中描写了不甘于被男性操控、争取将命运掌握在自己手中的德莫福夫人的女性形象,体现了詹姆斯对女性地位的人文关怀以及对父权社会的批判。

Henry James＇ s early short story Madame De Mauves reflected his concern about the female social status and manifested tentative employment of the narrative perspective of central consciousness,the heroin＇s fate in this w ork is unfolded under other＇s gaze. This paper applied M ichel Foucault＇s gaze theory to interpret the female M adame De M auves＇ s commercialized social status as husbands＇ accessories in the patriarchal society from the perspective of spatial structure,panoptism and medical gaze. James depicted M adame De M auves—a female image of fighting for her ow n fate against the male manipulation,w hich embodied James＇ s humanistic concern for female and his criticism about patriarchal society.