基于高通量测序分析河北省中南部地区耕地土壤细菌多样性

Analysis of Bacterial Diversity in Cultivated Soils in Middle and Southern Hebei Province Based on High-throughput Sequencing

为了研究大棚土壤与大田土壤中细菌多样性的差异,利用Miseq高通量测序技术,对河北省南部地区大棚与大田土壤的14个样品进行测序,并得到了2组样品中的物种组成信息与相对丰度信息。结果表明,在大棚(M1)与大田(N1)土壤样品中,优势菌群的组成基本一致,在门水平有变形菌门、放线菌门、酸杆菌门、拟杆菌门、绿弯菌门、厚壁菌门和芽单胞菌门这7个细菌门类,其中,放线菌门在大田中的相对丰度多,厚壁菌门在大棚中的相对丰度较多。在纲水平有α-变形菌纲、酸杆菌纲、γ-变形菌纲、放线菌纲、Δ-变形菌纲、β-变形菌纲、芽单胞菌纲、纤维粘网菌纲等15种优势菌群,其中,大棚中相对丰度明显增高的是纤维黏网菌纲、杆菌纲和黄杆菌纲等,而相对丰度明显降低的是酸杆菌纲和β-变形菌纲等。在属水平有节细菌属、鞘氨醇单胞菌属、德沃斯氏菌属、芽孢杆菌属、黄单胞菌属和溶杆菌属6个优势菌群,其中,节细菌属在大田中较多,而芽孢杆菌属、黄单胞菌属和溶杆菌属在大棚中较多。另外,一些具有固氮和降解修复能力的菌群在大田中的相对丰度要高一些。这应该是由大田与大棚不同的种植环境导致的。研究结果对改善耕地土壤,提高产量与抗病能力有一定的价值。

To investigate the difference of bacterial diversity in greenhouse soil and field soil, 14 samples of greenhouse and field soil in middle and Southern Area of Hebei Province were sequenced by using Miseq high-throughput sequencing technology. And the species composition information and the relative abundance information of two sets of samples were obtained from the sequencing result. The results showed that in the greenhouse （M1）and field （N1）soil samples, the composition of the dominant microflora was basically the same. The dominant phylum of all samples were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes and Gemmatimonadetes. The relative abundance of Actinobacteria in the field was more than it in the greenhouse, but the relative abundance of Firmicutes in the field was less than it in the greenhouse. At the class level, more than 15 dominant species were found in all samples, such as Alphaproteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Cytophagia and so on. Among the dominant species, the most abundant relative abundance in greenhouse was Cytophagia, Bacilli and Flavobacteriia, while the relative abundance was significantly reduced by Acidobacteria and β-Proteobacteria. At the genus level, Arthrobacter, Sphingomonas, Devosia, Bacillus, Xanthomonas and Lysobacter were six dominant genera. Arthrobacter was more in the soil of field, while Bacillus, Xanthomonas and Lysobacter were more in the greenhouse. In addition, some of the genera that had nitrogen fixation and degradation and repair capabilities are relatively more abundant in the field. This should be caused by the different planting environments in fields and greenhouses. The research results have certain value for improving arable land, increasing yield and disease resistance.