转口贸易、开埠通商与清代湘潭药市的变迁

On Entrepot Trade,the Opening of Commercial Port,and the Changes of Xinagtan Drug Market in the Qing Dynasty

明清之际,凭借优良的地理位置、便利的水陆交通等因素,湘潭成为一个重要的商业贸易转口重镇。江西、安徽等省所产药材经水路大量涌入湘潭,湘潭成为全国药材集散地。嘉庆二十四年土客仇杀事件后,湘潭药业组织更加严密,药市更加规范化,呈现出良好的发展态势。近代以来,通商口岸的开辟,尤其是湖南岳州、长沙开埠后,湘潭转口贸易重镇的地理优势丧失,依托于外力而非自发产生的药市随着商业的全面衰落而消散。

At the juncture of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Xiangtan began to be an important commercial city of entrepot trade by vitures of superior geographical position, convenient water and land trasportation and so on. Medicine produced in Jiangxi and Anhui Provice trmendously flooded into Xiangtan by water route. Thus, Xiangtan began to be the medicine distributing center all over the country. After the incident of killing between aboriginals and foreign people in the Qing Dynasty Jiaqing 24, the pharmaceutical organization in Xiangtan got more rigorous, and drug market got more normalized,showing a good momentum.Since modern times, after the opening of trading port,especially the opening of Yuezhou and Changsha in Hunan Province, the position of Xiangtan as an important city of entrepot trade weakened. The medical city relying on external forces instead of spontaneous drives financially faded with an overall decline of commerce.