在对抗与冲突中重建政治--评尚塔尔·墨菲的多元主义政治概念

Reforming the Politics via Conflict and Antagonism--Review on Chantal Mouffe's Politics Theory in Perspective of Pluralism

政治概念的复杂性塑造了分析政治的不同理论与不同视角,就主要思潮来看,自由主义、社群主义与多元主义构成了政治研究的主体范式,然而三者之间观点的分歧也引发了持续多年的论战。墨菲认为,现代社会的理论思潮都忽视了政治起源于冲突的本质,因而具有片面性,理解政治仍然要从多元主义的维度入手。因此墨菲在对传统的批判与超越上试图重新界定政治的真实含义,"让政治回归"。然而,结合现代社会的基本特征,对于政治本身而言,问题不仅是讨论让政治回归还是重新发现政治,而是提炼出政治的根本目的,寻找理想的公共生活。

The complexity of the concept of politics forms diverse theories and perspectives for analyzing the poli-tics. The main ideological trends which are the liberalism,communalism and pluralism construct the fundamentalparadigm of political study,however,their divergences are the source of a long-term debate as well. For ChantalMouffe,various thoughts in contemporary society neglect the politics essence of conflict,and then they have uni-lateralism. The pluralism is a reasonable way to understand the politics,therefore,Mouffe tries to redefine the con-cept of politics based on surpassing the tradition and to let the real politics return. For the politics and in accord-ance with the features of contemporary society,the key problem does not rely on this path,but to recover the es-sential intention of the politics and to search for an ideal public life.