透视多学科视野中的儿童生存空间

Children’s Living Space based on the Perspectives of Multiple Subjects

儿童与童年的价值与独特性经历了漫长的岁月才由“存在”到“发现”再到“理解”.纵观中西方对儿童的相关研究,并非沿循时间的线性轨迹而是追逐多学科足迹纵横交错、迂回曲折的立体空间蔓延.儿童文学试图透过儿童的眼睛,以诗歌、童话、传记与小说、寓言以及儿童剧等形式来表达儿童的世界,而社会学关注儿童由于社会变迁、社会结构变化导致的欲望、需求、权利和生存空间等社会问题衍生出的主题.此外,儿童权利、平等、自由、幸福、文化以及对儿童的规训与惩罚等相关研究都试图从哲学的视角窥探儿童的生活状态,可以说,从教育学的视角窥探儿童的生存空间其实就是教育对自身极为深刻的凝眸与反省.

After a long period of time, people’s cognition towards the value and uniqueness of children and childhood hasfinally developed from their “pure existence” to “discovery” and further to “understanding”. The researches of children in Chinaand western countries up to now haven’t followed a chronological order so far, but vigorously expanded in a three-dimensionalspace constituted by multiple subjects. Children literature tries presenting the world of children from the perspective of childrenthemselves and specifically by virtue of such literature forms as poetry, fairy tales, autobiographies, novels, fables and children’s dramas and so on. Sociology, however, focuses on the themes derived from such social problems brought about by social vicissi-tude and its structural change as children’s desires, needs, rights and living space, etc. Besides, researches dealing with chil-dren’s rights, equal standing, freedom, happiness, culture, and the discipline as well as punishment exerted on children all at-tempt to explore children’s living condition from the perspective of philosophy. Then the educational approach to the living spaceof children, as it were, turns out to be a rather careful examination of and deep reflection on education itself.