柳州市2015～2016年度非职业性一氧化碳中毒流行病学特征分析

Liuzhou city 2015～2016 the occupational characteristics of carbon monoxide poisoning epidemiological analysis

目的研究柳州市急性一氧化碳中毒患者(ACOP)的流行病学特点。方法采用前瞻性流行病学调查方法,对2015年1月~2016年12月在柳州市三家医院急诊科收治的ACOP患者的性别、年龄、职业、文化程度、发生时间、发生地点、中毒原因、去向与转归等项目进行调查统计分析。结果 2015年1月~2016年12月在柳州市工人医院、柳州市人民医院、柳州市柳钢医院急诊科共收治ACOP患者2502例,男女比例为1∶1.43,年龄7月龄~83岁,中毒年龄主要集中在20~40岁年龄段(占54.60%),40~60岁年龄段次之(占32.73%),随年龄段增大重度中毒患者比例呈增高趋势。初中及以下文化发生最高,占47.00%;其次中专文化占28.10%,再次为高中、大专、大学及以上文化,分别占13.51%、8.27%、3.12%。发病月份高峰呈双峰显示,每年1~3月份患者数量骤增,4~10月份数量骤减,11~12月份再次增多。ACOP发病场所绝大多数在家中,占91.57%;少部分发生在工作场所,占7.11%。中毒原因以煤气热水器使用不当为主,占78.62%;人工煤气泄漏次之,炭火取暖、自杀等原因导致发病少见。结论本研究分析了有关南方城市ACOP患者特点的基本资料,为ACOP防治提供最新的科学资料和依据。

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of acute carbon monoxide poisoning （ACOP） in liuzhou. Methods A prospective epidemiological survey was conducted to investigate and analyze the gender,age,occupation,educational level,occurrence time,location,cause of poisoning,whereabouts and return of ACOP patients admitted to the emergency department of three hospitals in liuzhou city from January 2015 to December 2016. Results From January 2015 to December 2016,2502 ACOP patients were admitted to the emergency department of liuzhou workers hospital,liuzhou people＇s hospital and liuzhou liugang hospital,the male to female ratio is 1∶1.43,age 7 months 83 years old,the age of poisoning was mainly in the age group of 20-40 years old （54.60%）,followed by the age group of 40 to 60 years old （32.73%）,and the proportion of patients with severe poisoning increased with the age group;most junior high school degree and the following cases,accounting for 47.00%,technical school education （28.10%）,high school,college,university or above accounted for 13.51%,8.27% and 13.51% respectively.The peak of the month of onset is twofold,showing that the number of patients increases sharply from January to march,decreases sharply from April to October,and increases again from November to December.The majority of the ACOP sites are at home,at 91.57 %,and a small percentage of them in the workplace,at 7.11%.The main cause of poisoning was improper use of gas water heater,accounting for 78.62%,and artificial gas leakage accounted for the second place,charcoal fire heating,suicide and other causes leading to rare. Conclusion This research provides basic information about the characteristics of ACOP patients in the south city and provides the latest scientific information and basis for prevention and treatment of ACOP.